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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


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Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 
D 
D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 

Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommag^e 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^e  et/ou  pellicul^e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


□    Coloured  maps/ 
Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 

□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autro  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

□    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


nrn   Bound  with  other  material/ 
l/N    Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 


D 


D 


D 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int6rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout^es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmdes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl^mentaires; 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6x6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mdthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquds  ci-dessous. 

□    Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

ir-^   Pages  damaged/ 
\\  I    Pages  endommag6es 

Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pellicul^es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxe 
Pages  ddcolor^es,  tachetdes  ou  piqu6es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d^tach^es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  inSgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materis 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


I — I  Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

I — I  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

I — I  Pages  detached/ 

I      I  Showthrough/ 

I — I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I — I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I — I  Only  edition  available/ 


D 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  film6es  d  nouveau  de  fagon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  Item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  r6duction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

SOX 

4 

'        ' 

lOV 

■^^^ 

^■^■"^ 

my 

20X 

ij? 

28X 

32X 

tails 
s  du 
odifier 
-  une 
mage 


)S 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


L'exemplaire  filmd  fut  reproduit  grdce  d  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetd  de  l'exemplaire  filmd,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
fllmage. 

Las  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim6e  sont  filmds  an  commengant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impr688ion  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film^s  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  teiie 
empreinte. 


errata 

I  to 

t 

i  pelure, 

on  d 


n 


32X 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —♦-(meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


1 

2 

3 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
f[lm68  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diff6rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  filmd  d  partir 
de  Tangle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m6thode. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

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FROM 


From  ] 

in  the  sp 

Quebec,  C 

and  had  1 

Limerick, 

with  17  ( 

deaths;  s 

All    th( 

(jrosse  Isl 

Lawrence 

and  their 

treal  on  tl 

The  firs 

boarding  1 

boat,  the  ^ 

at  Montre 

over  this  I 

St.  Lawre 

single  villi; 

foIloAving  e 

the  Voyag 

fishing  on 


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[Finm    TlIF    I.KAVr.NWdllTII    MkIII,  AI.    Ill  KAI.J,    f,,,-   ( 


•clohcr,    1,S(I7. 


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coxvl\ai\ce  of  cholera 

FROM   IRELAND   TO   CANADA  AND   THE    (  NITED 
STATES   INDIAN   TERRITORY,  IN   1832. 


-.0^ 


By  John  C.  Peters,  M.D.,  of  New  York. 

From  Dr.  R.  Nel.son"s  account  we  select  the  following  :  Early 
m  the  spring  of  1832  the  following  infected  vessels  arrived  at 
Quebec,  Canada  :  The  ship  Robert  sailed  from  Cork  on  May  14th, 
and  had  10  deaths  from  cholera  ;  the  Constantia,  April  28th  from' 
Limerick,  with  21>  deaths  ;  the  Elizabeth,  May  28th,  from  Dublin 
^vith  17  deaths :  the  Carrick,  from  Dublin,  June  3d,  with  4"^' 
deaths;  ship  Brubus,  May  18th,  from  Liverpool,  with  81  deaiis. 
^  All  these  ships  and  their  passengers  were  quarantined  at 
(.rosse  Isle,  a  few  miles  below  Quebec.  On  June  7th  the  St 
Lawrence  steamer  Voyageur  conveyed  a  load  of  these  emi,n-ants 
and  their  baggage,  some  to  Quebec  and  the  majority  to  Mon- 
treal on  the  10th. 

The  first  cases  of  cholera  in  America  occurred  in  emi-^rant 
boarding  houses  in  Quebec  on  the  8th,  and  the  same  pest  sream- 
boat,  the  Voyageur,  landed  persons  dead  and  dying  of  choler'i 
at  Montreal,  a  distance  of  200  miles,  in  less  than  20  hours-  and 
over  this  long  distance,  thickly  inhabited  on  both  shores  of  the 
St.  Lawrence,  cholera  made  a  single  leap,  without  infecting  a 
single  village,  or  a  single  house  between  the  two  cities,  with  the 
following  exceptions  :  A  man  picked  up  a  mattress  thrown  from 
the  Voyageur,  and  he  and  his  wife  died  of  cholera  ;  another  man 
fishing  on  the  St.  Lawrence  was  requested  to  bury  a  dead  man 


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iVoin  the  Vcyagour,  nn.l  ho,  \m  ^vif.>  nnd  nopliow  .lid.  Tl.o 
,.a,,tiiiu  of  a  passing  bout  requostod  an  Indian  to  l.wry  a  man 
tv„in  on  bnar.l ;  this  and  five  otli^n-   Indians  wl>io  attacked  and 

'  "tI.o  town  of  Throe  Rivers,  half  way  between  Quebec  an.l 
Montreal,  forbid  steamers  to  land  and  escaped  for  a  lor.;^  tnmv 
From  Montreal  the  great  inlinx  of  emigrants  was  forwarded 
nway,  by  the  Emigrant  Society,  as  fast  as  they  arrived,  and  by 
them  the  pestilence  was  sown  at  each  stopping  place.  Kingston , 
Toronto  an.l  Niagara  sooii  became  afleote.l.  In  the  end  over 
40(10  persons  die.l  of  cholera  in  Montreal,  an.l  m..re  than  an 
e.^iial  number  in  Quebec. 

The  epidemic  quickly  reached  Detroit  in  the  same  way.     From 
the  United  States  Arn.y  Report  for  1832,  pag.)  81,  we  learn  :  I. 
was  at  this  period  (Juno,  1832,)  that  Asiatic  cholera  made  Us 
iirst  appearan.^c  on  the  n,.rtheast  coast  of  America,  and  spread 
with  fatal  rapidity  along  the  great  water  courses  on  our  northen, 
iVontier,  and  continued  west  along   the  great  lakes  untd  ni  Sep- 
tember it  reacbe.l  some  of  our  military  posts  on  the  upper  Mis- 
sissippi.    As  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians,  headed  by  Black  Hawk, 
were  at  this  time  in  open  hostility,  our  troops  marching  towards 
the  theatre    of  war  became    exposed    to  the  influence  of  the 
epl.lomi...     Speaking  of  this  event   Major  General  Macomb    ... 
bi.a,.nual  report,  says:  Unfortunately,  however     U.e  cholera 
was  just  at  this  time  making  its  way  into  the  United  State,  fro... 
Canada,  and  infected  our  troops  while  on  boar.l  the  8tea.nboat. 
in  their  passage  up  the  lakes ;  and  such  was  the  rap.Cty  ^v.tb 
which  this  disease  spread  among  them  that,  in  a  few  days    the 
^vholc  force  se..t  by  the  lakes  was  rendered  incapable  of  taking 
the  field.     Some  were  landed,  but  the  principal  reached  Chicago 
in  a  most  deplorable  condition.     Six  companies  of  artillery  left 
Fortress  Monroe,  Virginia,    in   perfect   health    contracted  th.. 
cholera  at  Detroit,  and  reached  Chicago  with  a  loss  of  one  out 
of  every  three  men. 

On  pa-e  8G  Ave  read:  Fort  Dearborn,  near  Chicago,  was  tem- 
porarily re-occupied  during  the  campaign  against  Black  Hawk 
in  1832    an.l  it  was  here  that  epidemic   cholera  displayed  its 


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1 


aied.  Tlio 
nry  a  iiiiin 
tucked  anil 

Quebec  antl 
11  lor.i^  time, 
s  foi'wanU'il 
,'C(1,  anil  l)y 
Kingston, 
lie  cntl  over 
jre  than  an 

way.     From 
we  learn  :  It 
;ra  maile  its 
,  and  spread 
our  northern 
until  in  Sop- 
}  upper  Mis- 
Black  Hawk. 
:hing  towards 
uenco  of  thi^ 
I  Macomb,  in 
,    the  cholera 
3d  Statea  from 
le  8teamboat.< 
rapidity  with 
few  days,  the 
ible  of  taking 
ached  Chicago 
i  artillery  left 
jontracted  the 
)S3  of  one  out 

cago,  was  tem- 
t  Black  Hawk 
a  displayed  its 


[   -^  1 

most  Hital  I'iViM'ts  aiiMii;^  DiU'  tr'»i>]>>.  <  )iit  of  liMdl  hhmi  over  2')t) 
casi's  were  ailmittcil  into  liisjiitals  in  the  course  of  7  or  S  days. 
Surgeon  l)e(Jamp  inclined  to  the  opinion  of  its  contagiousness, 
because  ))revioMs  to  the  anival  of  the  steamlioat  which  brought 
the  disease  to  l<'ort  Dearborn,  there  had  not  been  a  ea.NC  of  di- 
ease  of  this  kind  a(  the  fort  oi'  in  the  village.  When  these  troops 
again  niarebeil  for  the  Mississippi  they  ajipeari'd  in  perfet't  health, 
yet  it  iiroke  out  again  on  the  way,  ami  when  the  eoininand 
reached  the  Mississippi  it  became  as  fatal  as  it  hail  been  at  Fort 
Dearborn. 

<Jn  page  IH)  we  read  :  The  gairison  at  Foil  Niagara  also  suf- 
fered from  epidemie  cholera  in  1S:VJ,  when  on  its  inai'cli  towards 
the  theatre  of  Indian  hostilities.  Having  reached  Detroit  on  the 
;)')tli  of  .June,  1S;'2,  the  troops  wen;  niustered  and  insfiected,  no 
man  being  on  the  sick  list.  On  tiie  <)th  of  July  the  first  case 
occurred,  ami  by  the  "iUth  47  men,  out  of  a  eomp.iny  of  7.S,  Isad 
been  attacked.  As  regards  the  cause  of  the  sudden  appear- 
ance of  this  disease  at  Detroit,  leaving  an  intermediate  country 
of  considerable  extent  unafteeted,  it  was  generally  believed  at  the 
time  that  the  ])rinc!i])le  ofinl'ection  existed  in  the  steamboat  in 
which  the  troojjs  were  conveyed  from  Buffalo  to  Detroit,  this 
vessel  having  been  employed  in  transporting  crowds  of  filthy 
foreign  emigrants  westward  from  Monti-eal  and  Quebec.  The 
"  Henry  Clay,"  among  the  troo])s  on  board  of  which  the  disease 
also  appeared,  ha<l  been  engaged  in  the  same  kind  of  service. 

On  page  lo!)  we  read,  that  it  also  reached  Fort  Crawford,  on 
the  Mississippi,  two  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Wisconsin; 
and  Fort  Leavenworth,  on  the  Missouri  river,  about  500  miles 
above  its  confluence  with  the  Mississippi;  also,  Jefferson  Bar- 
racks, 10  miles  bel')w  St.  Louis  ;  and  Fort  Gibson,  on  the  Neosho 
or  Grand  river,  in  Arkansas,  Our  troops  handed  the  disease 
over  to  the  Indians. 


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